Antarctic Sea Ice Extent from Reanalysis
'''DEFINITION'''
Estimates of Antarctic sea ice extent are obtained from the surface of oceans grid cells that have at least 15% sea ice concentration. These values are cumulated in the entire Southern Hemisphere (excluding ice lakes) and from 1993 up to real time aiming to:
i) obtain the Antarctic sea ice extent as expressed in millions of km squared (106 km2) to monitor both the large-scale variability and mean state and change.
ii) to monitor the change in sea ice extent as expressed in millions of km squared per decade (106 km2/decade), or in sea ice extent loss/gain since the beginning of the time series as expressed in percent per decade (%/decade; reference period being the first date of the key figure b) dot-dashed trend line, Vaughan et al., 2013)). For the Southern Hemisphere, these trends are calculated from the annual mean values.
The Antarctic sea ice extent used here is based on the “multi-product” approach as introduced in the second issue of the Ocean State Report (CMEMS OSR, 2017). Five global products have been used to build the ensemble mean, and its associated ensemble spread.
'''CONTEXT'''
Sea ice is frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface. This large blanket of millions of square kilometers insulates the relatively warm ocean waters from the cold polar atmosphere. The seasonal cycle of the sea ice, forming and melting with the polar seasons, impacts both human activities and biological habitat. Knowing how and how much the sea ice cover is changing is essential for monitoring the health of the Earth as sea ice is one of the highest sensitive natural environments. Variations in sea ice cover can induce changes in ocean stratification and modify the key rule played by the cold poles in the Earth engine (IPCC, 2019).
The sea ice cover is monitored here in terms of sea ice extent quantity. More details and full scientific evaluations can be found in the CMEMS Ocean State Report (Samuelsen et al., 2016; Samuelsen et al., 2018).
'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''
With quasi regular highs and lows, the annual Antarctic sea ice extent shows large variability until several monthly record high in 2014 and record lows in 2017 and 2018. Since the year 1993, the Southern Hemisphere annual sea ice extent regularly alternates positive and negative trend. The period 1993-2018 have seen a slight decrease at a rate of -0.01*106km2 per decade. This represents a loss amount of 0.1% per decade of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent during this period; with however large uncertainties. The last quarter of the year 2016 and years 2017 and 2018 experienced unusual losses of ice. 2019 is not a record year, but the summer of 2019 remains among the lowest since the 1990s.
Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions.
'''DOI (product):'''
Simple
- Title
-
Antarctic Sea Ice Extent from Reanalysis
- Alternate title
-
ANTARCTIC_OMI_SI_extent
- Date (Creation)
- 2018-02-12
- Edition
-
3.4
- Edition date
- 2018-02-12
- Citation identifier
- 0a5db440-d278-47a6-8885-b89aabb3f0b3
- Abstract
-
'''DEFINITION'''
Estimates of Antarctic sea ice extent are obtained from the surface of oceans grid cells that have at least 15% sea ice concentration. These values are cumulated in the entire Southern Hemisphere (excluding ice lakes) and from 1993 up to real time aiming to:
i) obtain the Antarctic sea ice extent as expressed in millions of km squared (106 km2) to monitor both the large-scale variability and mean state and change.
ii) to monitor the change in sea ice extent as expressed in millions of km squared per decade (106 km2/decade), or in sea ice extent loss/gain since the beginning of the time series as expressed in percent per decade (%/decade; reference period being the first date of the key figure b) dot-dashed trend line, Vaughan et al., 2013)). For the Southern Hemisphere, these trends are calculated from the annual mean values.
The Antarctic sea ice extent used here is based on the “multi-product” approach as introduced in the second issue of the Ocean State Report (CMEMS OSR, 2017). Five global products have been used to build the ensemble mean, and its associated ensemble spread.
'''CONTEXT'''
Sea ice is frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface. This large blanket of millions of square kilometers insulates the relatively warm ocean waters from the cold polar atmosphere. The seasonal cycle of the sea ice, forming and melting with the polar seasons, impacts both human activities and biological habitat. Knowing how and how much the sea ice cover is changing is essential for monitoring the health of the Earth as sea ice is one of the highest sensitive natural environments. Variations in sea ice cover can induce changes in ocean stratification and modify the key rule played by the cold poles in the Earth engine (IPCC, 2019).
The sea ice cover is monitored here in terms of sea ice extent quantity. More details and full scientific evaluations can be found in the CMEMS Ocean State Report (Samuelsen et al., 2016; Samuelsen et al., 2018).
'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''
With quasi regular highs and lows, the annual Antarctic sea ice extent shows large variability until several monthly record high in 2014 and record lows in 2017 and 2018. Since the year 1993, the Southern Hemisphere annual sea ice extent regularly alternates positive and negative trend. The period 1993-2018 have seen a slight decrease at a rate of -0.01*106km2 per decade. This represents a loss amount of 0.1% per decade of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent during this period; with however large uncertainties. The last quarter of the year 2016 and years 2017 and 2018 experienced unusual losses of ice. 2019 is not a record year, but the summer of 2019 remains among the lowest since the 1990s.
Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions.
'''DOI (product):'''
- Credit
-
E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information
- Point of contact
-
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role GLO-MERCATOR-TOULOUSE-FR
Yann Drillet
Production center GLO-MERCATOR-TOULOUSE-FR
Karina Von Schuckmann
Product manager GLO-MERCATOR-TOULOUSE-FR
GLO Service Desk
Local service desk GLO-MERCATOR-TOULOUSE-FR
Renaud Dussurget
Production Unit MOI-OMI-SERVICE
MOI-OMI-SERVICE
Dissemination Unit
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Annually
- Other
-
P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H
- Maintenance note
-
N/A
-
GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
- Use limitation
-
See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php
- Access constraints
- Other restrictions
- Use constraints
- License
- Other legal constraints
-
No limitations on public access
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 4ec313ee-3fe4-4e1b-b9a4-6538e9383320
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Document
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 7f39ae70-8d0f-4786-bf3d-09650cb50eb1
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Document
- Title
-
IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. (2019). In H. O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, & N. M. Weyer (Eds.), IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Samuelsen et al., 2016: Sea Ice In: The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, issue 1, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 9, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Samuelsen et al., 2018: Sea Ice. In: The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, 2018, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Vaughan, D.G., J.C. Comiso, I. Allison, J. Carrasco, G. Kaser, R. Kwok, P. Mote, T. Murray, F. Paul, J. Ren, E. Rignot, O. Solomina, K. Steffen and T. Zhang, 2013: Observations: Cryosphere. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M.Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 317–382, doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.012.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 97c66d38-1d99-4fc3-beef-e0bf84c527c1
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Document
- Language
-
eng
- Topic category
-
- Oceans
- Description
-
bounding box
- Begin date
- 1993-01-01
- End date
- 2019-12-31
Vertical extent
- Minimum value
- 0
- Maximum value
- 0.0
Vertical CRS
- Supplemental Information
-
display priority: 50700
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG / WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
- Number of dimensions
- 2
- Dimension name
- Row
- Dimension name
- Column
- Cell geometry
- Area
- Transformation parameter availability
- Distribution format
-
Name Version NetCDF-4
- OnLine resource
-
Protocol Linkage Name WWW:STAC
https://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/ANTARCTIC_OMI_SI_extent/antarctic_omi_si_extent_202207/dataset.stac.json antarctic_omi_si_extent
OGC:WMTS
https://wmts.marine.copernicus.eu/teroWmts/ANTARCTIC_OMI_SI_extent_obs/antarctic_omi_si_extent_obs_202311?service=WTMS&request=GetCapabilities antarctic_omi_si_extent
- Hierarchy level
- Series
Conformance result
- Title
-
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services
- Date (Publication)
- 2010-12-08
- Explanation
-
See the referenced specification
- Statement
-
The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")
- Attribute description
- observation
- Content type
- Physical measurement
- Descriptor
-
temporal resolution: monthly mean
- Descriptor
-
vertical level number: 0
- Included with dataset
- Feature types
- Point series
Metadata
- File identifier
- 0a5db440-d278-47a6-8885-b89aabb3f0b3
- Metadata language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Hierarchy level
- Series
- Hierarchy level name
-
Copernicus Marine Service product specification
- Date stamp
- 2024-03-21T09:52:10.929Z
- Metadata standard name
-
ISO 19139, MyOcean profile
- Metadata standard version
-
0.2
- Metadata author
-
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role CMEMS
Local service desk