Title

Mediterranean Ocean Salt Content (0-300m)

Alternate title

OMI_CLIMATE_OSC_MEDSEA_volume_mean

Date (Creation)

2023-11-30

Edition

3.4

Edition date

2023-11-30

Citation identifier

ef932fc0-04e7-4a25-b7b2-08a2d85d4039

Abstract

'''DEFINITION'''

Ocean salt content (OSC) is defined and represented here as the volume average of the integral of salinity in the Mediterranean Sea from z1 = 0 m to z2 = 300 m depth:

¯S=1/V ∫V S dV

Time series of annual mean values area averaged ocean salt content are provided for the Mediterranean Sea (30°N, 46°N; 6°W, 36°E) and are evaluated in the upper 300m excluding the shelf areas close to the coast with a depth less than 300 m. The total estimated volume is approximately 5.7e+5 km3.

'''CONTEXT'''

The freshwater input from the land (river runoff) and atmosphere (precipitation) and inflow from the Black Sea and the Atlantic Ocean are balanced by the evaporation in the Mediterranean Sea. Evolution of the salt content may have an impact in the ocean circulation and dynamics which possibly will have implication on the entire Earth climate system. Thus monitoring changes in the salinity content is essential considering its link 
to changes in: the hydrological cycle, the water masses formation, the regional halosteric sea level and salt/freshwater transport, as well as for their impact on marine biodiversity.

The OMI_CLIMATE_OSC_MEDSEA_volume_mean is based on the “multi-product” approach introduced in the seventh issue of the Ocean State Report (contribution by Aydogdu et al., 2023). Note that the estimates in Aydogdu et al. (2023) are provided monthly while here we evaluate the results per year.

Six global products and a regional (Mediterranean Sea) product have been used to build an ensemble mean, and its associated ensemble spread. The reference products are:

The Mediterranean Sea Reanalysis at 1/24°horizontal resolution (MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1, Escudier et al., 2020)

Four global reanalyses at 1/4°horizontal resolution (GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHY_001_031,

GLORYS, C-GLORS, ORAS5, FOAM, DOI: https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00024, Desportes et al., 2022)

Two observation-based products:

CORA (INSITU_GLO_TS_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_001_b, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17882/46219, Szekely et al., 2022) and

ARMOR3D (MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_TSUV_3D_MYNRT_015_012, DOI: https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00052, Grenier et al., 2021).

Details on the products are delivered in the PUM and QUID of this OMI.

'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''

The Mediterranean Sea salt content shows a positive trend in the upper 300 m with a continuous increase over the period 1993-2019 at rate of 5.6*10-3 ±3.5*10-4 psu yr-1.

The overall ensemble mean of different products is 38.57 psu. During the early 1990s in the entire Mediterranean Sea there is a large spread in salinity with the observational based datasets showing a higher salinity, while the reanalysis products present relatively lower salinity. The maximum spread between the period 1993–2019 occurs in the 1990s with a value of 0.12 psu, and it decreases to as low as 0.02 psu by the end of the 2010s.

'''Figure caption'''

Time series of annual mean volume ocean salt content in the Mediterranean Sea (basin wide), integrated over the 0-300m depth layer during 1993-2019 (or longer according to data availability) including ensemble mean and ensemble spread (shaded area). The ensemble mean and associated ensemble spread are based on different data products, i.e., Mediterranean Sea Reanalysis (MED-REA), global ocean reanalysis (GLORYS, C-GLORS, ORAS5, and FOAM) and global observational based products (CORA and ARMOR3D). Details on the products are given in the corresponding PUM and QUID for this OMI.

'''DOI (product):'''

https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00325

Credit

E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
MED-CMCC-LECCE-IT			Production Unit

Maintenance and update frequency

Annually

Other

P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H

Maintenance note

N/A

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

• Oceanographic geographical features

Discipline

• numerical-model

Climate and Forecast Standard Names

• water_mass_formation_rate
• integral_wrt_depth_of_sea_water_salinity_expressed_as_salt_content

Temporal scale

• multi-year

Area of benefit

• coastal-marine-environment
• weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting
• marine-resources
• marine-safety

Reference Geographical Areas

• mediterranean-sea

Processing level

• N/A

Model assimilation

• In-Situ TS Profiles
• Sea Level

Use limitation

See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php

Access constraints

Other restrictions

Use constraints

License

Other legal constraints

No limitations on public access

Title

Aydogdu, A., Miraglio, P., Escudier, R., Clementi, E., Masina, S.: The dynamical role of upper layer salinity in the Mediterranean Sea, State of the Planet, accepted, 2023.

Date (Creation)

2019-05-08

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Reference

Title

Desportes, C., Garric, G., Régnier, C., Drévillon, M., Parent, L., Drillet, Y., Masina, S., Storto, A., Mirouze, I., Cipollone, A., Zuo, H., Balmaseda, M., Peterson, D., Wood, R., Jackson, L., Mulet, S., Grenier, E., and Gounou, A.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Quality Information Document for the Global Ocean Ensemble Physics Reanalysis, GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHY_001_031, Issue 1.1, Mercator Ocean International, https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/QUID/CMEMS-GLO-QUID-001-031.pdf (last access: 3 May 2023), 2022.

Date (Creation)

2019-05-08

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Reference

Title

Escudier, R., Clementi, E., Omar, M., Cipollone, A., Pistoia, J., Aydogdu, A., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Lyubartsev, V., Lecci, R., Cretí, S., Masina, S., Coppini, G., & Pinardi, N. (2020).

Date (Creation)

2019-05-08

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Reference

Title

Mediterranean Sea Physical Reanalysis (CMEMS MED-Currents) (Version 1) [Data set]. Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS). https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1

Date (Creation)

2019-05-08

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Reference

Title

Grenier, E., Verbrugge, N., Mulet, S., and Guinehut, S.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Quality Information Document for the Multi Observation Global Ocean 3D Temperature Salinity Height Geostrophic Current and MLD, MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_TSUV_3D_MYNRT_015_012, Issue 1.1, Mercator Ocean International, https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/QUID/CMEMS-MOB-QUID-015-012.pdf (last access: 3 May 2023), 2021.

Date (Creation)

2019-05-08

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Reference

Title

Szekely, T.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Quality Information Document for the Global Ocean-Delayed Mode gridded CORA – In-situ Observations objective analysis in Delayed Mode, INSITU_GLO_PHY_TS_OA_MY_013_052, issue 1.2, Mercator Ocean International, https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/QUID/CMEMS-INS-QUID-013-052.pdf (last access: 4 April 2023), 2022.

Date (Creation)

2019-05-08

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Reference

Aggregate Datasetindentifier

297ebf94-a41b-48e4-ab3e-fd551a7c511e

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Document

Aggregate Datasetindentifier

7adaae14-14e5-44f0-8b15-a9be00dfed92

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Document

Aggregate Datasetindentifier

0aa915b7-f569-494e-b0bb-f0d2132f23ab

Association Type

Cross reference

Initiative Type

Document

Language

eng

Topic category

• Oceans

Description

bounding box

Begin date

1993-01-01

End date

2019-12-31

Supplemental Information

display priority: 99999

Reference system identifier

EPSG / WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)

Number of dimensions

2

Dimension name

Row

Dimension name

Column

Cell geometry

Area

Transformation parameter availability

Distribution format

Name	Version
NetCDF	classic

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
WWW:STAC	https://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/OMI_CLIMATE_OSC_MEDSEA_volume_mean/omi_climate_osc_medsea_volume_mean_202311/dataset.stac.json	omi_climate_osc_medsea_volume_mean
OGC:WMTS	https://wmts.marine.copernicus.eu/teroWmts/OMI_CLIMATE_OSC_MEDSEA_volume_mean/omi_climate_osc_medsea_volume_mean_202311?service=WTMS&request=GetCapabilities	omi_climate_osc_medsea_volume_mean

Hierarchy level

Series

Statement

The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")

Attribute description

observation

Content type

Physical measurement

Descriptor

vertical level number: 1

Descriptor

temporal resolution: annual mean

Included with dataset

Feature types

timeseries

Metadata

File identifier

3adfd383-abea-46ff-b691-d540830d3b97

Metadata language

English

Character set

UTF8

Hierarchy level

Series

Hierarchy level name

Copernicus Marine Service product specification

Date stamp

2025-04-15T08:56:02.319229Z

Metadata standard name

ISO 19139, MyOcean profile

Metadata standard version

0.2

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
CMEMS		servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu	Local service desk