Oceanographic campaign - PELMED (PELagic MEDiterranean)
The annual PELMED (PELagiques MEDiterranée) fisheries resource assessment campaign is carried out by the Laboratoire Halieutique Méditerranée of the Ifremer station in Sète. The objectives of these cruises are :
1. Evaluate the biomass of small pelagic fish (anchovies, sardines) by direct method. For this, the campaign must alternate between acoustic prospecting and identification trawling. An acoustic signal is sent from a sounder fixed under the vessel and each time it encounters the bottom or schools of fish, it is reflected and retransmitted to the sounder. In this way, the shape and intensity of these echoes that materialize the schools of fish can be observed continuously. Species identification trawls are carried out in order to define the proportion of species present in the echoes detected.
2. Collecting as many biological parameters as possible on the target species of small pelagics (anchovies, sardines, sprats) to better understand the population dynamics of these species. For this purpose, morphometric measurements, as well as the determination of the sex and maturity stage of the fish are carried out. Finally, otoliths are taken in order to determine the age of the fish. These biological parameters are very important to complete the biomass assessment and have a better understanding of the processes underlying the variability of these populations. This allows for example to determine the age structure or size structure of the populations, to have an idea of their energy reserves, etc.
3. To better understand the pelagic ecosystem as a whole, from plankton to top predators. The primary goal of the PELMED cruise is to evaluate small pelagic stocks, but it also aims to accumulate as much data as possible on the different compartments of the pelagic ecosystem, from physical parameters (temperature, salinity) to top predators (marine mammals, birds), through the different lower trophic levels (phyto- and zooplankton, small pelagic fish). Thus, after each trawling, a hydrological station is carried out with the measurement of temperature and salinity along the water column via a CTD, water and phytoplankton samples with a Niskin bottle and zooplankton samples using a vertical line of WP2. Finally, throughout the campaign we carry out the observation and counting of birds and marine mammals. In addition to the understanding of the ecosystem, this should provide a number of indicators necessary for monitoring the marine environment under the MSFD (Marine Framework Directive).
Simple
- Title
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Oceanographic campaign - PELMED (PELagic MEDiterranean)
- Date (Publication)
- 2022-02-09
- Citation identifier
- FR-DCSMM-PDS-PELMED
- Presentation form
- Digital profile
- Abstract
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The annual PELMED (PELagiques MEDiterranée) fisheries resource assessment campaign is carried out by the Laboratoire Halieutique Méditerranée of the Ifremer station in Sète. The objectives of these cruises are :
1. Evaluate the biomass of small pelagic fish (anchovies, sardines) by direct method. For this, the campaign must alternate between acoustic prospecting and identification trawling. An acoustic signal is sent from a sounder fixed under the vessel and each time it encounters the bottom or schools of fish, it is reflected and retransmitted to the sounder. In this way, the shape and intensity of these echoes that materialize the schools of fish can be observed continuously. Species identification trawls are carried out in order to define the proportion of species present in the echoes detected.
2. Collecting as many biological parameters as possible on the target species of small pelagics (anchovies, sardines, sprats) to better understand the population dynamics of these species. For this purpose, morphometric measurements, as well as the determination of the sex and maturity stage of the fish are carried out. Finally, otoliths are taken in order to determine the age of the fish. These biological parameters are very important to complete the biomass assessment and have a better understanding of the processes underlying the variability of these populations. This allows for example to determine the age structure or size structure of the populations, to have an idea of their energy reserves, etc.
3. To better understand the pelagic ecosystem as a whole, from plankton to top predators. The primary goal of the PELMED cruise is to evaluate small pelagic stocks, but it also aims to accumulate as much data as possible on the different compartments of the pelagic ecosystem, from physical parameters (temperature, salinity) to top predators (marine mammals, birds), through the different lower trophic levels (phyto- and zooplankton, small pelagic fish). Thus, after each trawling, a hydrological station is carried out with the measurement of temperature and salinity along the water column via a CTD, water and phytoplankton samples with a Niskin bottle and zooplankton samples using a vertical line of WP2. Finally, throughout the campaign we carry out the observation and counting of birds and marine mammals. In addition to the understanding of the ecosystem, this should provide a number of indicators necessary for monitoring the marine environment under the MSFD (Marine Framework Directive).
- Credit
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IFREMER
- Status
- On going
- Point of contact
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role IFREMER
IFREMER SIH
Author IFREMER
IFREMER SIH
Publisher
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Annually
- Theme
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Abundance
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Small pelagic
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Biomass
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Anchovy
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Pilchard
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Acoustic survey
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Identification trawls
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Biological parameters
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Sprat
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Dynamic of population
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Hydrology
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Phytoplankton
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Zooplankton
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GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
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Environmental monitoring facilities
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Sous-regions marines
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/Metropolitan France/Western Mediterranean
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DCSMM : Descripteurs
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D3: Commercially Exploited Species
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Thèmes Sextant
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/Human Activities/Oceanographical Cruises
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SIH - Façade maritime
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Méditerranée
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SIH - Types de jeu de données
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/Observed Data/Campaigns
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Cadre Réglementaire - SIMM
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Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
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Thématiques - SIMM
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/Uses and Human Activities/Fisheries and aquaculture
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Type de jeux de donnée ODATIS
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/in-situ observations/Sea cruises
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- Access constraints
- Restricted
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Platform
- Language
- Français
- Character set
- UTF8
- Topic category
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- Oceans
- Begin date
- 2016-06-26
- Supplemental Information
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Financers :
IFREMER
Europe
Direction Générale des Affaires Maritimes, de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture (DGAMPA)
- Distribution format
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Name Version
- OnLine resource
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Protocol Linkage Name OGC:WMS
https://sextant.ifremer.fr/services/wms/sismer campagnes_PELMED
WWW:LINK
https://sih-indices-campagnes.ifremer.fr/ Population and community indices from fisheries monitoring cruises in which Ifremer participates
WWW:LINK
https://sih.ifremer.fr/prive/Acces-aux-donnees/Extractions/Campagnes/Donnees-Campagnes-halieutiques Access to SIH fisheries cruises data
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
Conformance result
- Title
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Inspire specifications
- Date (Creation)
- 2012-01-16
- Explanation
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Not rated
- Pass
- Statement
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Small pelagic fish are keystone species in the ecosystem because of their central place in the food chain. In order to assess stocks and propose appropriate management methods, it is therefore important to have a good knowledge of these species and to have data that are independent of fishing. The Ifremer fisheries laboratory in Sète has therefore been monitoring these populations since the 1990s. In 2002, the EU asked the Member States to contractualise certain operations; it is within this framework that the PELMED campaign was part of the extended contractualisation programme for biomass assessment (DCF). Thus, each year France is required to assess the biomass of small pelagic species in the Mediterranean, in order to determine the state of the stocks and to propose management measures.
The cruise consists of a systematic survey of the entire Gulf of Lion, from Port-Vendres to Marseilles, along radial lines spaced 12 NM apart, perpendicular to the coast, during the day (6 a.m. to 10 p.m.), over the entire length of the shelf and the beginning of the slope. Identification trawls are required to make the specific biomass assessment.
• Sample plan(s) :
In the Gulf of Lion, the survey is carried out along parallel radials 12 nautical miles apart and perpendicular to the coast (9 radials in the Gulf of Lion) on the continental shelf (15-200m depth).
• Precision on the type of data :
The acoustic data is acquired continuously in order to observe the shape and intensity of the echoes that materialise the schools of fish. The echo sounder used is a SIMRAD ER60 38, 70, 120, 200 and 333 kHz coupled to the ME70 multibeam sounder.
After each trawl, the team sorts and weighs all the pelagic species collected, as well as counting and measuring a subsample of the 8 main species (anchovy, sardines, sprats, mackerel, horse mackerel and hake). A set of additional biological parameters is also collected on a sample of the target species (anchovies, sardines, and sprats): sex, maturity, fat content, otoliths, weight by size class. Finally, numerous samples are taken and then frozen for further manipulation on return to the laboratory.
After each trawl, a hydrological station is also carried out with measurements of temperature, conductivity, density, oxygen, pH, radiance and fluorescence along the water column via a bathysonde, collection of seawater using a Niskin bottle for the analysis of phytoplankton (taxonomic composition, biomarker pigments) and nutritive salts, and vertical zooplankton net hauls (WP2). The phytoplankton and zooplankton water samples brought back to the laboratory are analysed in the year following the campaign. Samples of surface microplastics are also taken using a Manta net.
Finally, throughout the campaign, an observer is taken on board to identify and count the birds and marine mammals.
• Parameter(s) observed or measured :
Number of individuals, weight per species, size structure, age.
Acoustics, Bathysonde, Trawling, WP2, Niskin, Manta, Pocket ferrybox.
• Resolution of parameter(s) :
By fishing operation, continuous survey (CUPES), systematic analysis of scientific fishing catches
• Format(s):
The available data exist in the following format: csv
Acoustic data exist in the format: HAC
Metadata
- File identifier
- 81834290-2946-4fb7-93b1-7d1655ef80f3
- Metadata language
- Français
- Other language
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Language Character encoding English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Parent identifier
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Campagnes océanographiques - Observations pour la surveillance halieutique
99e16a35-8090-4897-aa2b-c5c0951aabea
- Hierarchy level
- Series
- Date stamp
- 2023-09-26T13:05:59.872Z
- Metadata standard name
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ISO 19115:2003/19139 - SEXTANT
- Metadata standard version
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1.0
- Metadata author
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role IFREMER SIH
Local service desk