[ARCHIVE] Global Ocean Mean Sea Level trend map from Observations Reprocessing
'''This product has been archived'''
For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu
'''DEFINITION'''
The sea level ocean monitoring indicator is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (DT-2021 version) altimeter gridded maps of sea level anomalies based on a stable number of altimeters (two) in the satellite constellation. The product is distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057). The regional sea level trends are derived from a linear fit of the altimeter sea level maps. The altimeter data have not been corrected for the effect of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment nor the TOPEX-A instrumental drift during the period 1993-1998. The trend uncertainty is provided in a 90% confidence interval (Prandi et al., 2021). This estimate only considers errors related to the altimeter observation system (i.e., orbit determination errors, geophysical correction errors and inter-mission bias correction errors). The presence of the interannual signal can strongly influence the trend estimation considering to the altimeter period considered (Wang et al., 2021; Cazenave et al., 2014). The uncertainty linked to this effect is not taken into account.
'''CONTEXT'''
The indicator on sea level trend is a crucial index of climate change, and individual components contribute to sea level rise, including expansion due to ocean warming and melting of glaciers and ice sheets (WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018). According to the recent IPCC 6th assessment report, global mean sea level (GMSL) increased by 0.20 (0.15 to 0.25) m over the period 1901 to 2018 with a rate 25 of rise that has accelerated since the 1960s to 3.7 (3.2 to 4.2) mm yr-1 for the period 2006–2018. Human activity was very likely the main driver of observed GMSL rise since 1970 (IPCC WGII, 2021). The weight of the different contributions evolves with time and in the recent decades the mass change has increased, contributing to the on-going acceleration of the GMSL trend (IPCC, 2022a; Legeais et al., 2020; Horwath et al., 2022). At regional scale, sea level does not change homogenously, and regional sea level change is also influenced by various other processes, with different spatial and temporal scales, such as local ocean dynamic, atmospheric forcing, Earth gravity and vertical land motion changes (IPCC WGI, 2021). Rising sea level can strongly affect population and infrastructures in coastal areas, increase their vulnerability and risks for food security, particularly in low lying areas and island states. Adverse impacts from floods, storms and tropical cyclones with related losses and damages have increased due to sea level rise, and increase their vulnerability and increase risks for food security, particularly in low lying areas and island states (IPCC, 2019, 2022b). Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the restoration of mangroves and coastal wetlands, reduce the risks from sea level rise (IPCC, 2022c).
'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''
The altimeter mean sea level trends over the (1993/01/01, 2021/08/02) period exhibit large-scale variations at rates reaching up to more than +10 mm/yr in regions such as the western tropical Pacific Ocean. In this area, trends are mainly of thermosteric origin (Legeais et al., 2018; Meyssignac et al., 2017) in response to increased easterly winds during the last two decades associated with the decreasing Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (e.g., McGregor et al., 2012; Merrifield et al., 2012; Palanisamy et al., 2015; Rietbroek et al., 2016).
Prandi et al. (2021) have estimated a regional altimeter sea level error budget from which they determine a regional error variance-covariance matrix and they provide uncertainties of the regional sea level trends. Over 1993-2019, the averaged local sea level trend uncertainty is around 0.83 mm/yr with local values ranging from 0.78 to 1.22 mm/yr.
'''DOI (product):'''
Simple
- Title
-
[ARCHIVE] Global Ocean Mean Sea Level trend map from Observations Reprocessing
- Alternate title
-
GLOBAL_OMI_SL_regional_trends
- Date (Creation)
- 2018-02-13
- Edition
-
3.4
- Edition date
- 2023-03-30
- Citation identifier
- dffff66f-9b67-4f75-8ee9-2d4b602576a0
- Abstract
-
'''This product has been archived'''
For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu
'''DEFINITION'''
The sea level ocean monitoring indicator is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (DT-2021 version) altimeter gridded maps of sea level anomalies based on a stable number of altimeters (two) in the satellite constellation. The product is distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057). The regional sea level trends are derived from a linear fit of the altimeter sea level maps. The altimeter data have not been corrected for the effect of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment nor the TOPEX-A instrumental drift during the period 1993-1998. The trend uncertainty is provided in a 90% confidence interval (Prandi et al., 2021). This estimate only considers errors related to the altimeter observation system (i.e., orbit determination errors, geophysical correction errors and inter-mission bias correction errors). The presence of the interannual signal can strongly influence the trend estimation considering to the altimeter period considered (Wang et al., 2021; Cazenave et al., 2014). The uncertainty linked to this effect is not taken into account.
'''CONTEXT'''
The indicator on sea level trend is a crucial index of climate change, and individual components contribute to sea level rise, including expansion due to ocean warming and melting of glaciers and ice sheets (WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018). According to the recent IPCC 6th assessment report, global mean sea level (GMSL) increased by 0.20 (0.15 to 0.25) m over the period 1901 to 2018 with a rate 25 of rise that has accelerated since the 1960s to 3.7 (3.2 to 4.2) mm yr-1 for the period 2006–2018. Human activity was very likely the main driver of observed GMSL rise since 1970 (IPCC WGII, 2021). The weight of the different contributions evolves with time and in the recent decades the mass change has increased, contributing to the on-going acceleration of the GMSL trend (IPCC, 2022a; Legeais et al., 2020; Horwath et al., 2022). At regional scale, sea level does not change homogenously, and regional sea level change is also influenced by various other processes, with different spatial and temporal scales, such as local ocean dynamic, atmospheric forcing, Earth gravity and vertical land motion changes (IPCC WGI, 2021). Rising sea level can strongly affect population and infrastructures in coastal areas, increase their vulnerability and risks for food security, particularly in low lying areas and island states. Adverse impacts from floods, storms and tropical cyclones with related losses and damages have increased due to sea level rise, and increase their vulnerability and increase risks for food security, particularly in low lying areas and island states (IPCC, 2019, 2022b). Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the restoration of mangroves and coastal wetlands, reduce the risks from sea level rise (IPCC, 2022c).
'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''
The altimeter mean sea level trends over the (1993/01/01, 2021/08/02) period exhibit large-scale variations at rates reaching up to more than +10 mm/yr in regions such as the western tropical Pacific Ocean. In this area, trends are mainly of thermosteric origin (Legeais et al., 2018; Meyssignac et al., 2017) in response to increased easterly winds during the last two decades associated with the decreasing Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (e.g., McGregor et al., 2012; Merrifield et al., 2012; Palanisamy et al., 2015; Rietbroek et al., 2016).
Prandi et al. (2021) have estimated a regional altimeter sea level error budget from which they determine a regional error variance-covariance matrix and they provide uncertainties of the regional sea level trends. Over 1993-2019, the averaged local sea level trend uncertainty is around 0.83 mm/yr with local values ranging from 0.78 to 1.22 mm/yr.
'''DOI (product):'''
- Credit
-
E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information
- Point of contact
-
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR
Yannice Faugère
Production center SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR
Françoise Mertz
Product manager SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR
SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR
Local service desk SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR
Jean-François Legeais
Production Unit MOI-OMI-SERVICE
MOI-OMI-SERVICE
Dissemination Unit
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Annually
- Other
-
P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H
- Maintenance note
-
N/A
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Quarterly
-
GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
- Use limitation
-
See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php
- Access constraints
- Other restrictions
- Use constraints
- License
- Other legal constraints
-
No limitations on public access
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 90d29bd4-bed9-4670-bfb4-0560bc4f72f9
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Document
- Title
-
Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., von Schuckmann, K., Decharme, B., and Berthier, E.: The rate of sea-level rise, Nature Clim Change, 4, 358–361, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2159, 2014.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Horwath, M., Gutknecht, B. D., Cazenave, A., Palanisamy, H. K., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Paul, F., Le Bris, R., Hogg, A. E., Otosaka, I., Shepherd, A., Döll, P., Cáceres, D., Müller Schmied, H., Johannessen, J. A., Nilsen, J. E. Ø., Raj, R. P., Forsberg, R., Sandberg Sørensen, L., Barletta, V. R., Simonsen, S. B., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O. B., Ranndal, H., Rose, S. K., Merchant, C. J., Macintosh, C. R., von Schuckmann, K., Novotny, K., Groh, A., Restano, M., and Benveniste, J.: Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press., 2019.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
IPCC: AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2022, 2022a.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)], 2022b.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)], , https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157926.001, 2022c.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
IPCC WGII: Climate Change 2021: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability; Summary for Policemakers. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Legeais, J. F., von Schuckmann, K., Melet, A., Storto, A., and Meyssignac, B.: Sea Level, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11, s13–s16, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208, 2018.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Legeais, J. F., Llowel, W., Melet, A., and Meyssignac, B.: Evidence of the TOPEX-A altimeter instrumental anomaly and acceleration of the global mean sea level, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 13, s77–s82, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2021.1946240, 2020.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
McGregor, S., Gupta, A. S., and England, M. H.: Constraining Wind Stress Products with Sea Surface Height Observations and Implications for Pacific Ocean Sea Level Trend Attribution, 25, 8164–8176, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00105.1, 2012.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 24399cda-5e1e-4e66-ab8d-b91f33f2ff14
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Document
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 4697158e-924e-40f8-9ae8-20ff47415b6f
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Document
- Title
-
Merrifield, M. A., Thompson, P. R., and Lander, M.: Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific, 39, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052032, 2012.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Meyssignac, B., Piecuch, C. G., Merchant, C. J., Racault, M.-F., Palanisamy, H., MacIntosh, C., Sathyendranath, S., and Brewin, R.: Causes of the Regional Variability in Observed Sea Level, Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Colour Over the Period 1993–2011, in: Integrative Study of the Mean Sea Level and Its Components, edited by: Cazenave, A., Champollion, N., Paul, F., and Benveniste, J., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 191–219, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56490-6_9, 2017.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Palanisamy, H., Cazenave, A., Delcroix, T., and Meyssignac, B.: Spatial trend patterns in the Pacific Ocean sea level during the altimetry era: the contribution of thermocline depth change and internal climate variability, Ocean Dynamics, 65, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0805-7, 2015.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Prandi, P., Meyssignac, B., Ablain, M., Spada, G., Ribes, A., and Benveniste, J.: Local sea level trends, accelerations and uncertainties over 1993–2019, Sci Data, 8, 1, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00786-7, 2021.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Rietbroek, R., Brunnabend, S.-E., Kusche, J., Schröter, J., and Dahle, C.: Revisiting the contemporary sea-level budget on global and regional scales, 113, 1504–1509, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519132113, 2016.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
Wang, J., Church, J. A., Zhang, X., and Chen, X.: Reconciling global mean and regional sea level change in projections and observations, Nat Commun, 12, 990, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21265-6, 2021.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Title
-
WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group: Global sea-level budget 1993–present, 10, 1551–1590, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018, 2018.
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- Reference
- Language
-
eng
- Topic category
-
- Oceans
- Description
-
bounding box
- Begin date
- 1993-01-01
Vertical extent
- Minimum value
- 0
- Maximum value
- 0.0
Vertical CRS
- Supplemental Information
-
display priority: 50605
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG / WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
- Number of dimensions
- 2
- Dimension name
- Row
- Resolution
- 0.25 degree
- Dimension name
- Column
- Resolution
- 0.25 degree
- Cell geometry
- Area
- Transformation parameter availability
- Distribution format
-
Name Version NetCDF-4
- Hierarchy level
- Series
Conformance result
- Title
-
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services
- Date (Publication)
- 2010-12-08
- Explanation
-
See the referenced specification
- Statement
-
The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")
- Attribute description
- observation
- Content type
- Physical measurement
- Descriptor
-
temporal resolution: pluri-annual mean
- Descriptor
-
vertical level number: 0
- Included with dataset
- Feature types
- Grid
Metadata
- File identifier
- dffff66f-9b67-4f75-8ee9-2d4b602576a0
- Metadata language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Hierarchy level
- Series
- Hierarchy level name
-
Copernicus Marine Service product specification
- Date stamp
- 2023-11-13T10:55:37.545Z
- Metadata standard name
-
ISO 19139, MyOcean profile
- Metadata standard version
-
0.2
- Metadata author
-
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role CMEMS
Local service desk